Joints in masonry walls serve, among other things, to compensate for the permissible manufacturing tolerances of the stones, ensure the transmission of force from stone to stone and ensure an even load on the individual stones.
A distinction is made between (1) butt joints and (2) bearing joints.
Image: Butt and bearing joints - baukobox
The (2) bearing joints take over the load transfer in the masonry, absorb vertical compressive stresses as well as horizontal tensile and shear stresses and must therefore be mortared evenly and without voids. With regard to the thickness of the bearing joints, it should be noted that a minimum thickness is required to compensate for the tolerance of the bricks. At the same time, bearing joints that are too thick have a structurally unfavourable effect. As a rule, the thickness of the bearing joints for
The importance of the (1) butt joints in terms of static function is less decisive than that of the bearing joint, as they do not have to absorb tensile or shear stresses. Butt joints can therefore be fully mortared, partially mortared or unmortared (air gap for rear ventilation level).
Masonry in brick construction: In the case of both butt and bearing joints, the sum of stone + joint usually results in the plan grid in the octametric system (see also masonry dimensions),
for example in the thin format DF.
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