Façade systems made of load-bearing profiles are referred to as mullion-transom constructions. These systems, which can be assigned to the so-called curtain walls, can be used to create large-format openings or even entire façade surfaces. (all-glass facades)
Mullion-transom systems are usually used for the realisation of large installation heights and span widths or roof constructions. As curtain walls, these constructions are particularly economical if several floors are to be glazed continuously.
Variable profile dimensions and different materials (wood, steel or aluminium) from the manufacturers' modular systems allow the constructions to be adapted to almost any installation situation.
The modular design allows both prefabrication of the elements in the factory and assembly on site on site. In this case, it must be examined in the preliminary planning phase whether a mullion-transom façade or a unitised façade will be used.
Image: Schematic post-transom façade and element façade - baukobox
Static structure
The vertical post profiles transfer the loads and are connected to the shell via brackets. It is particularly important to note that the PR façade can be either upright or suspended. The attachment is carried out, for example, via brackets in the base point or in the area of the wall or the ceiling end field. Standard brackets offer fixed/floating bearing connections to ensure stress-free fastening.
Structural structure
Image: Individual parts of a mullion-transom façade - baukobox
The mullion-transom construction is based on the connection of the vertical mullion profiles (main profiles) and the horizontal transom profiles (secondary profiles), which together form a skeletal supporting structure. The bolts are attached to the vertical posts either by screw, plug-in or welded connections. The infills can be made of transparent or opaque materials, i.e. glazing or closed panels.
Elastic sealing profiles are used between the load-bearing façade framework and the façade panels. The construction consists of at least two sealing levels. The primary sealing level is formed by the glazing seals on the room side. The transition of the seals usually overlaps.
Horizontal and vertical pressure strips are usually used to fasten the glazing and as a secondary second sealing level, to which differently designed cover strips are usually attached. Visibly screwed pressure strips (without cover strips) are also possible here.
By means of mechanically fixed or glued foils, physically tight connections (waterproof and airtight) are made all around the shell of the building.
The filling (glass, window elements, closed façade panel) is attached to mullions and transoms by means of screwed pressure strips .
The pressure strips are thermally separated from mullions/transoms, sealing lips prevent water from penetrating.
In
common systems, various opening elements can be manufactured, such as tilting, hinged, turning, tilt-and-turn sash windows, etc. Blind and sash frames must always be used, whereby the frame frames are designed accordingly for use in the rebates of the constructions in the respective system.
motor-wing drives or other controls, e.g. for the implementation of a ventilation concept or radiator control, is just as possible as manual operation of the opening elements.
The main materials used for the posts and transoms are steel, aluminium and wood.
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