Thermal bridges, often erroneously called cold bridges, are localized weak points of a component that have more transmission heat losses than the surrounding surface. As a result, construction defects such as condensation failure, mold or the like often occur. In addition, thermal bridges lead to increased heat losses. In order to keep the energetic effects of thermal bridges low, it is recommended to take into account the sample details in Supplement 2 of DIN 4108. A distinction is made between structural, geometric and material-related thermal bridges:
Material-related thermal bridges: Material-related thermal bridges occur when two materials with different thermal conductivity are located next to each other. For example, in the roof, the rafters represent a thermal bridge compared to inter-rafter insulation.
Geometric thermal bridges: A classic geometric thermal bridge is, for example, the outer corner of a building. Due to the large outer wall area in relation to a small inner corner area, a lot of heat migrates through the construction to the outside, so that the surface temperature of an outer wall corner is significantly reduced compared to the surrounding wall area.
Constructive thermal bridges: Structural thermal bridges occur in components that are not thermally separated in the transition area from the inside to the outside, such as reinforced concrete columns or balcony slabs.
Source: bauwion
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