As non-load-bearing internal partition walls, drywall meets high requirements, e.g. in terms of sound insulation or fire protection. In commercial buildings, they offer advantages in terms of flexible room layout and enable later technical installations, such as the redrawing of cables, with little effort. But drywall walls are also increasingly being used in residential construction. They consist of an inner stud work and cladding on both sides as finished wall surfaces. In addition, there is usually insulation made of mineral wool at the stud level in order to meet sound insulation or fire protection requirements.
in general: Drywall constructions are the extension constructions of a building without water-containing building materials such as concrete, mortar, plaster, clay, etc. They are usually used in the area of walls, floors and ceilings. Although the planking of drywall structures can be made of many materials such as wood, wood-based materials, metal or plastic, gypsum products are the most widely used. In this Bauwion knowledge page, the planking based on gypsum was primarily discussed.
A distinction is made between gypsum boards according to DIN EN 520, gypsum boards with fleece reinforcement according to DIN EN 15283-1 and gypsum fibreboards according to DIN EN 15283-2.
building rules, proof of usability and proof of conformity for construction products and construction methods: The Model Building Code and the state building codes derived from it stipulate that construction products may only be used for the construction, modification and maintenance of structural facilities if their usability for the respective purpose has been proven. The same applies to construction methods. To this end, the German Institute for Construction Technology (DiBt), in agreement with the supreme building supervisory authorities of the federal states, publishes the so-called Technical Building Regulations in the Building Rules List . For every construction product and every type of construction, the usability of each construction project must be proven and documented. This is done via the so-called usability and conformity certificates. For more information, see Encyclopedia Articles ► Building Rules List, ► Building Products, Proof of Usability and Proof of Conformity and ► Construction Types, Proof of Usability and Proof of Conformity.
Damp rooms: According to DIN 18181, gypsum products are usually not suitable for applications in rooms with persistently high humidity. However, they are suitable for rooms in which the humidity only rises briefly due to use and due to sufficient ventilation options, e.g. in sanitary rooms within apartments. While gypsum fibreboards are generally suitable for use in the sanitary sector due to their factory hydrophobic treatment, DIN 18181 recommends boards classified according to DIN 18180 (type GKBI/ GKFI) or DIN EN 520 (type H2) for gypsum boards for damp room applications. Panels in splash water areas, e.g. showers, must be professionally sealed over the entire surface, including all connection joints and penetration points.
Further information on this can be found in the ZDB leaflets "Instructions for the execution of composite waterproofing with cladding and coverings made of tiles and slabs for indoor and outdoor use (January 2005)" and "Plaster and drywall construction in damp rooms with cladding made of ceramic tiles and slabs or natural stones (May 2001)", published by the German Tile Trade Association in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry.
Permissible wall height: For each wall system, the manufacturer specifies the permissible maximum wall heights depending on the relevant factors. For standard walls, this is between 3 and 12 m and depends in particular on:
Curved wall surfaces: Plasterboard can also be used to create evenly curved wall surfaces. The panels are either attached to the curved substructure when dry: bending radii ≥ approx. 2.75 m are possible with a 12.5 mm thick gypsum board (GKB/ GKF). Or the boards can be bent wet, wetting the side to be compressed evenly with water, then bending the board on a prefabricated template and fixing it until completely dry: With a 12.5 mm thick gypsum board (GKB/ GKF), bending radii ≥ approx. 1.00 m are possible.
Gypsum fibreboards are also bent in this way. Dry bending is possible when using panel thicknesses of 12.5 mm and 10 mm, depending on the manufacturer, with bending radii > 4.0 m. Smaller radii are produced by wet bending.
Open/semi-open/closed systems: In drywall construction, system constructions, e.g. for partition walls, room systems or suspended ceilings, are divided into open, semi-open and closed systems. Open systems correspond to standardised constructions for the respective application in accordance with DIN or EN, while semi-open and closed systems have system approval via a general building inspection test certificate (abP) or a general building authority approval (abZ). More on this in the encyclopedia article ► Open, semi-open and closed systems in drywall construction.
Ball impact safety: If ball impact safety is required, e.g. in gymnasiums, it must be checked whether the selected wall system is suitable and approved for this purpose. As a rule, however, ball impact protection is given with drywall walls with multi-layer planking.
Drywall walls with special requirements: There are correspondingly approved partition wall systems for numerous special applications, e.g. with the following classified properties:
fire protection requirements for drywall timber stud walls: The use of wooden stud walls as a room-enclosing component is easily possible for a fire-retardant requirement if a corresponding building authority proof of usability for the Fire resistance class F30-B according to DIN 4102 or EI 30 according to DIN EN 13501 is available for the product. For more information on the (limited) possible uses of timber stud walls with higher requirements, see Lexicon article ► Timber stud walls with fire protection requirements.
of gypsum and gypsum fibre boards: The boards should be stored horizontally and evenly, i.e. e.g. on dry pallets or tightly lying storage timbers. When storing plaster panels, the permissible static load limit of the ceiling is quickly reached. The panels must therefore be stored taking into account the weight of the panels and the permissible ceiling load-bearing capacity, with as much distance as possible between the individual pallets.
Processing of gypsum and gypsum fibre boards: Gypsum products must be protected from the effects of moisture on the construction site during transport, storage and installation. In particular, products without hydrophobic treatment are quickly damaged by moisture, but also by deformations. Material delivery and processing should therefore only begin when the façade envelope including the roof offers functioning protection against moisture/precipitation. After installation, the panels should not be exposed to prolonged humidity above 80%. Sufficient ventilation must be ensured, especially when interior plastering or screed work is carried out at the same time, in order to avoid damage to the drywall walls due to increased humidity.
Filling of gypsum and gypsum fibre boards: In accordance with DIN 18181, plasterboard should only be filled at room temperatures ≥ 10° C.
Analogous to the four quality levels Q1 – Q4 defined in DIN 18550 for interior plaster surfaces, these are also specified for gypsum boards in Leaflet No. 2, Filling of plasterboards, see also Lexicon article ► Filling of plasterboards, quality levels.
For gypsum fibreboards , the quality levels Q1 gypsum fibre – Q4 gypsum fibre are specified in leaflet no. 2.1, Filling of gypsum fibre boards. See encyclopedia article ► Filling of gypsum fibre boards, quality levels.
The quality level is to be selected depending on the further coating/cladding of the wall. It should be noted that markings in grazing light can never be completely avoided due to the handcrafted production of the smooth wall surface. However, they are significantly reduced if an increased quality level (Q3 or Q4 or Q3 gypsum fibre or Q4 gypsum fibre) is carried out. At quality level 4, they are minimized within the scope of the craftsmanship possibilities, but an absolutely flat and shadow-free execution is not feasible. For an optimal result, comparable lighting conditions should already be available during the execution of the filler work as during acceptance or later use.
DIN 4102-2, fire behaviour of building materials and components; Components, Terms, Requirements and Tests
DIN 4103-1, Non-Load-Bearing Internal Partition Walls; Requirements, verifications
DIN 4103-4, non-load-bearing internal partition walls; Substructure in timber construction
DIN 6812, Medical X-ray systems up to 300 kV - Rules for the design of structural radiation protection
DIN 18180, Plasterboard - Types and requirements
DIN 18181, Plasterboard in building construction - Processing
DIN 18182-1, Accessories for the processing of plasterboard - Part 1: Profiles made of sheet steel
DIN 18183-1, Partition walls and facing shells made of gypsum boards with metal substructures - Part 1: Planking with plasterboard
DIN 18340, VOB Procurement and Contract Regulations for Construction Services - Part C: General Technical Contract Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) - Drywall work
DIN EN 520, gypsum boards - Terms, requirements and test methods
DIN EN 1522, Windows, doors, closures - Bullet resistance - Requirements and classification
DIN EN 14195, Metal profiles for substructures of gypsum board systems - Definitions, requirements and test methods
DIN EN 15283-1, Fibre-reinforced gypsum boards - Definitions, requirements and test methods - Part 1: Gypsum boards with fleece reinforcement
DIN EN 15283-2,Fibre-reinforced gypsum boards - Terms, requirements and test methods - Part 2: Gypsum fibreboard
building rule lists, building rule list A, building rule list B and list C, published by the ► German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt) (www.dibt.de)
Substrates in damp rooms, leaflet, Publisher: Department of Finishing in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry e.V., Berlin
Construction Site Conditions, Leaflet No. 1, Notes and Guidelines for Drywall Construction Work with Plasterboard Systems, published by the Gypsum Board Industry Group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Filling of gypsum boards, surface qualities, leaflet no. 2, notes and guidelines for drywall construction work with gypsum board systems, published by the gypsum board industry group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Filling of gypsum fibre boards, surface qualities, leaflet no. 2.1, published by the gypsum board industry group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Gypsum Board Constructions, Joints and Connections, Leaflet No. 3, published by the Gypsum Board Industry Group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Instructions for the execution of composite waterproofing with cladding and coverings made of tiles and slabs for indoor and outdoor use, ZDB leaflet, published by the German Tile Trade Association in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry (ZDB)
Plaster and drywall construction in damp rooms with cladding made of ceramic tiles and slabs or natural stones, ZDB leaflet, published by the German Tile Industry Association in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry (ZDB)
► Sound insulation in residential construction - Sound insulation certificate, published by the German Society for Acoustics e.V. (DEGA)
Source: bauwion
