Many different wall coverings are possible with plasterboard. In addition to their function as room closures, e.g. in front of solid walls or technical installations, they also perform tasks of heat, sound or fire protection. A distinction is made between dry plasters applied directly to the wall - also as composite panels with insulation laminated on the back, facing shells - attached to the wall via substructures or free-standing, and shaft walls.
rules list, proof of usability and proof of conformity for construction products and construction methods: The Model Building Code and the state building codes derived from it stipulate that construction products may only be used for the construction, modification and maintenance of structural facilities if their usability for the respective purpose has been proven. The same applies to construction methods. To this end, the German Institute for Construction Technology (DiBt), in agreement with the supreme building supervisory authorities of the federal states, publishes the so-called Technical Building Regulations in the Building Rules List . For every construction product and every type of construction, the usability of each construction project must be proven and documented. This is done via the so-called usability and conformity certificates. For more information, see Encyclopedia Articles ► Building Rules List, ► Building Products, Proof of Usability and Proof of Conformity and ► Construction Types, Proof of Usability and Proof of Conformity.
damp rooms: According to DIN 18181, gypsum products are generally not suitable for applications in rooms with persistently high humidity. However, they are suitable for rooms in which the humidity only rises briefly due to use and due to sufficient ventilation options, e.g. in sanitary rooms within apartments. DIN 18181 recommends gypsum boards classified according to DIN 18180 (type GKBI/ GKFI) or DIN EN 520 (type H2) for damp room applications. Plasterboard in splash water areas, e.g. showers, must be professionally sealed over the entire surface, including all connection joints and penetration points.
Further information on this can be found in the ZDB leaflets "Instructions for the execution of composite waterproofing with cladding and coverings made of tiles and slabs for indoor and outdoor use (January 2005)" and "Plaster and drywall construction in damp rooms with cladding made of ceramic tiles and slabs or natural stones (May 2001)", published by the German Tile Trade Association in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry.
Permissible wall height: For each wall system, the manufacturer specifies the permissible maximum wall heights depending on the relevant factors. This is usually between 3 and 5.5 m for free-standing facing shells , and between 4 and 8.5 m for shaft walls, and depends in particular on:
Half-height design of the pre-wall: Facing shells can also be made half-high instead of room-high, e.g. to gain more space and additional storage space in the bathroom above the sanitary installations. In this case, the tender should include a corresponding additional item for the half-height version, for the additional effort in the area of the substructure and due to the additional horizontal planking, as well as for the required edge protection profile, if the shelf is not tiled.
Curved wall surfaces: Plasterboard can also be used to create evenly curved wall surfaces. The panels are either attached to the curved substructure when dry: bending radii ≥ approx. 2.75 m are possible with a 12.5 mm thick gypsum board (GKB/ GKF). Or the boards can be bent wet, wetting the side to be compressed evenly with water, then bending the board on a prefabricated template and fixing it until completely dry: bending radii ≥ approx. 1.00 m are possible with a 12.5 mm thick plasterboard (GKB/ GKF).
Open/semi-open/closed systems: In drywall construction, system constructions, e.g. for partition walls, room systems or suspended ceilings, are divided into open, semi-open and closed systems. Open systems correspond to standardised constructions for the respective application in accordance with DIN or EN, while semi-open and closed systems have system approval via a general building inspection test certificate (abP) or a general building authority approval (abZ). More on this in the encyclopedia article ► Open, semi-open and closed systems in drywall construction.
Ball impact safety: If ball impact safety is required, e.g. in gyms, it must be checked whether the selected pre-wall system is suitable and approved for this. As a rule, however, ball impact protection is provided for facing shells and shaft walls with multi-layer planking and a maximum column center distance of 625 mm.
Radiation protection requirements: There are appropriately approved facing shell systems. For more information on the requirements, see also the encyclopedia article ► Radiation protection requirements for space-limiting components.
Facing shell with timber frame work and fire protection requirements: The use of facing shells with timber frame work as a room-enclosing component is possible for a fire-retardant requirement if a corresponding building authority proof of usability for fire resistance class F30-B according to DIN 4102 or EI 30 according to DIN EN 13501 is available for the product. For more information on the (limited) possible uses of timber stud walls with higher requirements, see Lexicon article ► Timber stud walls with fire protection requirements.
Storage of plasterboard: The storage of plasterboard should be horizontal and even, i.e. e.g. on dry pallets or tightly lying lumber. When storing plasterboard, the permissible static load limit of the ceiling is quickly reached. The panels must therefore be stored taking into account the weight of the panels and the permissible ceiling load-bearing capacity, with as much distance as possible between the individual pallets.
Processing of gypsum boards: Gypsum products must be protected from the effects of moisture on the construction site during transport, storage and installation. Gypsum boards in particular are quickly damaged by moisture, but also by deformation. Material delivery and processing should therefore only begin when the façade envelope including the roof offers functioning protection against moisture/precipitation. After installation, gypsum boards should not be exposed to prolonged humidity above 80%. Sufficient ventilation must be ensured, especially when interior plastering or screed work is carried out at the same time, in order to avoid damage to the drywall walls due to increased humidity.
Plasterboard filling: According to DIN 18181, plasterboard should only be filled at room temperatures ≥ 10° C.
Analogous to the four quality levels Q1 – Q4 defined in DIN 18550 for interior plaster surfaces, these are also specified for gypsum boards in Leaflet No. 2, Filling of gypsum boards, see also Lexicon article ► Filling of plasterboards, quality levels. The quality level is to be selected depending on the further coating/cladding of the wall.
It should be noted that markings in grazing light can never be completely avoided due to the handcrafted production of the smooth wall surface. However, they are significantly reduced when an increased quality level (Q3 or Q4) is executed. At quality level 4, they are minimized within the scope of the craftsmanship possibilities, but an absolutely flat and shadow-free execution is not feasible. For an optimal result, comparable lighting conditions should already be available during the execution of the filler work as during acceptance or later use.
DIN 4102-2, fire behaviour of building materials and components; Components, Terms, Requirements and Tests
DIN 4103-1, Non-Load-Bearing Internal Partition Walls; Requirements, verifications
DIN 4103-4, non-load-bearing internal partition walls; Substructure in timber construction
DIN 6812, Medical X-ray systems up to 300 kV - Rules for the design of structural radiation protection
DIN 18180, Plasterboard - Types and requirements
DIN 18181, Plasterboard in building construction - Processing
DIN 18182-1, Accessories for the processing of plasterboard - Part 1: Profiles made of sheet steel
DIN 18183-1, Partition walls and facing shells made of gypsum boards with metal substructures - Part 1: Planking with plasterboard
DIN 18340, VOB Procurement and Contract Regulations for Construction Services - Part C: General Technical Contract Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) - Drywall work
DIN EN 520, gypsum boards - Terms, requirements and test methods
DIN EN 1522, Windows, doors, closures - Bullet resistance - Requirements and classification
DIN EN 14195, Metal profiles for substructures of gypsum board systems - Terms, requirements and test methods
Building rule lists, Building rule list A, Building rule list B and List C, Edition 2014/1, published by the ► German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt)
Substrates in damp rooms, Leaflet, September 2005 issue, Publisher: Department of Finishing in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry, Berlin
Construction Site Conditions, Leaflet No. 1, Notes and Guidelines for Drywall Work with Plasterboard Systems, published by the Gypsum Boards Industry Group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Filling of gypsum boards, leaflet no. 2, surface qualities, notes and guidelines for drywall construction work with gypsum board systems, published by the gypsum board industry group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Gypsum Board Constructions, Joints and Connections, Leaflet No. 3, published by the Gypsum Board Industry Group in the Federal Association of the Gypsum Industry e.V.
Instructions for the execution of composite waterproofing with cladding and coverings made of tiles and slabs for indoor and outdoor use, ZDB leaflet January 2005, published by the Association of the German Tile Industry in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry (ZDB)
Plaster and drywall construction in damp rooms with cladding made of ceramic tiles and slabs or natural stones, ZDB Leaflet May 2001, published by the German Tile Industry Association in the Central Association of the German Construction Industry (ZDB)
► Noise Protection in Residential Construction - Noise Protection Certificate, DEGA Recommendation 103, published by the German Society for Acoustics (DEGA)
Source: bauwion
