Interior doors made of wood and wood-based materials are differentiated below according to the structure of their door leaf. This usually consists of a frame, two stiffening cover plates with a decorative top layer and different inserts. The design has a significant influence on the technical properties of the door element, e.g. the mechanical load-bearing capacity, the suitability for damp and wet rooms and the fulfilment of fire protection and sound insulation requirements. The appearance of the door leaf is largely independent of its structure and is largely determined by the choice of the top layer (e.g. HPL, CPL or real wood veneer) and the edge design.
Interior door leavesInterior door leaves made of wood and wood-based materials for single-leaf doors are regulated by DIN 68706 Part 1 with regard to their terms, dimensions and requirements. They can be designed either as swing doors or as sliding doors, which differ in particular in terms of their fittings and frames. For interior door leaves made of wood and wood-based materials, there are a variety of different frames made of solid wood, wood-based materials and metal, which also differ in terms of their design (enclosing frame, corner frame, block frame, stick frame, sliding door frame in the wall/in front of the wall).
planning sound insulation: The sound insulation value achieved by a door according to the test is specified by the manufacturer for each element. In addition to an appropriate structure of the door leaf, good sound insulation values may also require a lowerable floor seal and a double door rebate. For more information on the sound insulation of interior doors, see the encyclopedia article ► Interior doors, sound insulation class.
Burglary protection: With commercially available interior door elements, the resistance classes RC 2, RC 3 and RC 4 according to DIN EN 1627 can be achieved, with special elements even more. Appropriately approved light cutouts and skylights are also available for doors with classified burglary resistance. For more information on the resistance classes, see the lexicon article ► RC classes (burglary resistance).
Door leaf surface: As a rule, the visible surface of interior door leaves made of wood or wood-based materials consists of decorative top layers that are glued to the cover plates of the door leaf over the entire surface. For more information, see Encyclopedia Articles ► Wooden Interior Doors, Surfaces of the Door Leaf and Wooden Interior Doors, Structure of the Door Leaf
Flush or Rebated Door Leaf: The edges of interior door leaves made of wood and wood-based materials can be blunt or rebent. In addition to visual considerations, technical requirements, especially for sound insulation, may also make it necessary to design a door leaf with a single or double rebate.
For an overview of common possible designs, see Lexicon article ► Door leaf, blunt and rebated design.
Edge formation: A distinction is made between the following edge formations:
The edge design applies to both blunt and rebated door leaves. Explanatory sketches on this see Lexicon article ► Wooden interior doors, edge formation.
Nominal dimensions, standard building dimensions and preferred dimensions according to DIN 4172 and DIN 18100: Standardised length and width dimensions of wall openings for doors are based on the so-called octametric system according to DIN 4172, whose dimensions are based on a 12.5 cm grid (the eighth part of a metre). The nominal dimension of the wall opening for doors according to DIN 18100 is:
The resulting standard dimensions for door elements in accordance with DIN 18100 are the next smaller multiple of 12.5 cm, in this case 100 cm x 200 cm. Particularly common door element sizes are defined as preferred sizes. Even if individual door manufacturers are starting to manufacture interior doors individually according to measurements, regardless of the standard building dimensions, it is still advisable to take into account the nominal dimensions for the wall openings (or the standard dimensions for the door elements) for planning, as these usually ensure short delivery times and economical production costs due to stock goods. In accordance with DIN 18100, the standard building dimensions must be entered in the design plan (e.g. 87.5 cm x 212.5 cm) and the nominal dimensions in the implementation plan (e.g. 88.5 cm x 213.0 cm).
For residential construction, the external dimensions for blunt and rebated door leaves resulting from the building standard dimensions are specified in DIN 18101.
Clear passage dimensions: Required minimum clearance dimensions, e.g. for doors in the course of escape routes or in barrier-free construction, must be taken into account appropriately when determining the nominal dimensions of the wall opening for a door. The type of frame also plays an important role here: While, for example, a nominal dimension of 1.01 m width is usually sufficient for a steel frame frame to achieve a clear passage dimension of 90 cm in the finished state, a wooden cane frame frame may require a nominal dimension of 1.135 m width in order to comply with the clear passage dimension of 90 cm.
Door opening direction according to DIN 107: When planning a door, its opening direction must also be determined. According to DIN 107, a distinction is made between left wings (code letter L, colloquially "DIN L") and right wings (code letter R, colloquially "DIN R"). Left and right refer to the position of the axis of rotation when looking at the opening surface:
Door leaf thickness: Interior doors made of wood and wood-based materials usually have a door leaf thickness of approx. 40 mm. In the case of increased requirements for heat, sound or fire protection, a door leaf thickness of up to approx. 80 mm may also be required and, if necessary, a version with a double rebate.
Light cut-out: In door leaves with a correspondingly stable structure (i.e. not in the case of honeycomb and tubular chipboard inlays), a light cut-out can be created during production or even afterwards. There are the light cut-outs whose dimensions are regulated in accordance with DIN 68706-1, which are also colloquially called "standard light cut-outs". The dimensions of the light cut-outs are chosen in such a way that when using a rebated door leaf with preferred dimensions, a 160 mm (147 mm for blunt door leaves) wide frieze is created on the sides and top, which maintains a plinth height of 400 mm towards the lower edge of the door leaf.
Example: Based on the standard construction dimensions of a door of 1.01 m wide and 2.135 m high, DIN 18101 results in a preferred dimension for a blunt door leaf of 0.959 m x 2.097 m and therefore a light cutout of 1.55 m high (2.097 – 0.4 – 0.147) and 0.665 m wide (0.959 – 2x 0.147).
Many manufacturers also offer free dimensions for light cutouts, but these are sometimes more expensive than the standardised dimensions. Ready-made special shapes such as triangles or circles ("portholes") are also available in sizes graded by the respective manufacturer.
In the case of framed doors, the size of the light cut-out differs from the widths of the door frame.
Technical specifications for the design of the glazing, e.g. from workplace law, a special building regulation or the GUV, must be observed, in particular the requirement of breakage resistance.
In addition to normal float glass, which may usually only be used inside apartments due to the risk of injury in the event of glass breakage, the glazing can also be made of safety glass (ESG or LSG), as approved fire protection or soundproof glazing or as structured (patterned) decorative glazing. For more information on fire-resistant glazing, see the encyclopedia article ► Glazing in components with fire protection requirements.
Door lists: Since almost all doors in a construction project usually differ from each other in terms of their special properties (e.g. surfaces, opening direction, dimensions, internal width, frame type, fire protection/sound insulation requirements, lock/fittings, light cutout, special equipment), it is advisable to draw up a door list as early as the implementation planning stage which contains all the essential characteristics of each individual door and which later also serves as the basis for the tendering and ordering of the door elements. The systematic and conscientious compilation of the requirements and properties of all door elements is extremely important, as even a mistake in one door (e.g. the wrong opening direction) can make it necessary to reorder the entire element, which is costly and time-consuming, see also Lexicon article ► Door list.
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Reference height, OKFF location: The execution plan must clearly state whether the specified shell height of the wall opening for a door is indicated from the upper edge of the raw ceiling (= OK RD) or from the upper edge of the prefabricated floor (= OK FF). Since the nominal dimensions of the door elements usually refer to OK FF, either the target position of the OK FF must already be recognisable for the shell construction via metre cracks, or the construction height of the floor must be shown separately in the execution plan when specifying the height of the shell openings (e.g. 213.5 cm + 15 cm). In the latter option, however, (permissible) tolerance errors of the height of the raw ceiling are transferred to the position of the door lintels, so it is usually advisable to create a metre crack.
Measurement: While for other components, e.g. windows, it is customary for the executing company to measure the existing shell openings before placing the order, this should be expressly agreed upon for interior doors, as interior door elements are usually ordered according to nominal dimensions. A measurement of the wall openings may be necessary, for example, if new doors are to be installed in existing wall openings during a renovation project, which may deviate from the usual nominal dimensions. In this case, at least the wall thickness (including plaster), width and height of the existing door opening should then be determined by measuring on site.
Changes to fire protection and soundproof doors: In the case of door elements approved as fire, smoke protection or soundproof doors, the design must be carried out in accordance with the approval regulations of the respective door element in all respects. In the event of deviations, coordination with the manufacturer is required in any case, otherwise the door element will lose its approval. This applies, for example, to holes in the frame or door leaf, to the subsequent installation of a lowerable floor seal or an electric door lock, but also to the application of an unapproved adhesive film to fire-resistant glazing. A light cut-out must also meet the requirements regulated in the approval regulations in all details (glazing, cover strips, fastening), otherwise the approval of the door element expires.
DIN 107, designation with left or right in the construction industry
DIN 18100 doors; wall openings for doors; Dimensions according to DIN 4172
DIN 18101 Doors - Doors for residential construction - Door leaf sizes, hinge seat and lock seat - Interdependence of the dimensions
DIN 18111-1 Door frames - Steel frames - Part 1: Standard frames for rebated doors in masonry walls
DIN 18111-2 Door frames - Steel frames - Part 2: Standard frames for rebated doors in stud walls
DIN 18252 Profile cylinders for door locks - Terms, dimensions, requirements, marking
DIN 18355 VOB Procurement and Contract Regulations for Construction Services - Part C: General Technical Contract Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) - Carpentry
DIN 18357 VOB Procurement and Contract Regulations for Construction Services - Part C: General Technical Contract Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) - Fittings
DIN 18360 VOB Procurement and Contract Regulations for Construction Services - Part C: General Technical Contract Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) - Metal Construction Work
DIN 18361 VOB Procurement and Contract Regulations for Construction Services - Part C: General Technical Contract Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) - Glazing Work
DIN 68706-1 Interior Doors Made of Wood and Wood-Based Materials - Part 1: Door Leaves; Terms, Dimensions, Requirements
DIN 68706-2 Interior doors made of wood and wood-based materials - Part 2: Door frames; Terms, Dimensions, Installation
DIN EN 1192 Doors - Classification of Strength Requirements
DIN EN 1303 Locks and Building Fittings - Lock Cylinders for Locks - Requirements and Test Methods
RAL-GZ 426 Technical Rule, Interior Doors Made of Wood and Wood-Based Materials - Quality Assurance
VDI 3728 Technical Rule, Sound Insulation of Movable Room Closures - Doors and Mobile Walls
Technical Rules for Workplaces ASR A2.3, Escape Routes and Emergency Exits, Escape and Rescue Plan
Source: bauwion
