on their function, interior walls made of bricks are designed as load-bearing or non-load-bearing walls and can also meet high requirements for sound insulation and fire protection.
They are therefore also suitable as a partition wall between two units of use, as a room closure of a necessary staircase or as an internal fire wall.
non-load-bearing partition walls must meet static requirements that are regulated in DIN 4103-1, both against predominantly stationary loads and against the shock-like loads that are to be expected in the state of use. They must therefore be able to demonstrably
thicknesses: Usual wall thicknesses for interior brick partition walls are 11.5 cm (non-load-bearing walls) and 17.5 cm/24 cm (load-bearing walls or walls with sound insulation or increased fire protection requirements). Since walls made of flat or block bricks are almost always plastered on both sides, 2x approx. 1.5 cm must usually be added to the wall thickness in the finished state. This dimension is important, for example, for the internal width of the surrounding frames of interior doors, which often have to be ordered before plastering the wall.
House partition wall: House partition walls require particularly careful planning in order to meet the sound insulation and fire protection requirements placed on them. As a rule, they are double-skinned, see also lexicon article ► House partition walls and the sub-item fire protection.
Partition walls between usage units and to the stairwell: High sound insulation requirements also apply to the walls between two usage units (e.g. offices, apartments) and between a usage unit and the stairwell. In this case, the walls must be led directly under the roof cladding, e.g. under the roof tiles, unless the roof structure meets the requirements for fire resistance as a room-enclosing component in accordance with the State Building Code, in which case the partition wall may also connect to the underside of the correspondingly qualified layer of the roof structure. In contrast to house partition walls, partition walls inside buildings are usually single-shelled. Brick partition walls with a particularly high bulk density are used here, so-called soundproof bricks, or backfill bricks, whose large inner chambers are filled with flowable concrete after bricking.
Vapor diffusion: Brick walls can absorb moisture from the room air to a certain extent and release it back into the room with a time delay. In order for them to have a moisture-regulating effect in this way, the interior plasters and paints must also be designed to be permeable to diffusion, see Important connection components.
Sound insulation: The protection goals in terms of noise protection must be determined in advance between the planner and the client, as several sets of regulations exist side by side. Especially in residential buildings with several units, high requirements apply according to the state of the art, which in particular concern the transmission between the units. DIN 4109 regulates the absolute minimum standard, which is considered outdated today. Planners should use the increased values according to DIN 4109 Supplement 2 or VDI guideline 4100 as a basis. Due to the increasing requirements, the unclear legal situation and the complexity of the topic of sound insulation in terms of building physics, the preparation of a project-specific sound insulation report makes sense in many cases. But brick manufacturers also offer extensive services on this topic in the form of online noise insulation calculators and individual advice. The floor plan design plays an important role in the creation or avoidance of sound insulation problems. For example, the arrangement of rooms in need of special protection (e.g. bedrooms) should not be carried out on a partition wall to a general stairwell, to an elevator or to kitchens/bathrooms of other residential units. If this arrangement cannot be avoided, it should be examined whether additional sound insulation improvements are necessary, e.g. by the arrangement of free-standing floor-to-ceiling facing shells.
Further planning information on two standard points that are particularly critical in terms of sound insulation can be found under the encyclopaedia articles ► Integration of a brick partition wall into a brick exterior wall and ► Connection of light brick partition walls to apartment partition walls and floor ceilings.
Fire protection: Masonry blocks made of bricks are non-combustible and thus comply with building material class A1 according to DIN 4102-4. For more information, see also Encyclopedia articles ► Non-load-bearing masonry partitions, fire protection requirements and ► Innere Brandwand, requirements.
Masonry dimensions: Despite the fact that most construction companies are equipped with cutting equipment for bricks, it still makes sense to take the masonry dimensions into account as much as possible in the planning. These are regulated in DIN 4172 and are based on a grid of 12.5 cm (see ► Masonry dimensions ). Based on the 12.5 cm grid, a surcharge of 1 to 3 cm must be taken into account for the floor height in the shell dimension for the construction of the mortar bed including bitumen membrane before the first row of stones is laid. Economical shell construction heights can be, for example: 2.65 m/ 2.775 m/ 2.90 m.
Ecology: The starting materials for the production of bricks are clayey clays and water, i.e. natural materials without the addition of chemical additives. The energy used for production is relatively low, and disposal is unproblematic. Thus, bricks in their original form have a good ecological balance. However, the filling material may have to be taken into account in the assessment, which can lead to a deterioration of the ecological balance.
bond: Masonry may only be bricked in a bond, i.e. that the overlapping joints are offset from each other. Care must be taken to ensure sufficient overlap during construction, otherwise plaster cracks are favoured: The offset (over-binding dimension) must be at least 0.4 x H or 40 mm for masonry blocks whose height is 250 mm or smaller. For stones that are higher than 250 mm, at least 0.2 x H or 100 mm. See also ► Masonry bonding
Laying walls: Before the first row of stones is placed, a horizontal seal against rising damp and/or for acoustic decoupling and a levelling layer of normal mortar with a thickness of 1 to 3 cm is applied to the ceiling or floor slab. This serves to compensate for unevenness, so that the first row can be created absolutely perpendicular and aligned.
Waiting times: Experience has shown that the majority of the regular changes in the shape of a shell take place in the first weeks and months. Accordingly, a waiting period before plastering is recommended to avoid cracks.
Frost and heat: If the heat is too strong, the stones should be wetted to prevent the mortar from being absorbed too quickly into the absorbent stone. In the same way, the masonry must be protected from frost and heavy moisture penetration. The construction of masonry with frozen building materials is not permitted. Masonry that is open at the top should be covered with slabs or tarpaulins.
Bearing joints: Block bricks are bricked in a mortar bed with a thickness of approx. 1 cm. Modern flat bricks are mixed in a thin bed with a thickness of approx. 1 to 2 mm. This reduces the bearing joint to a minimum, which leads to an improvement in the thermal insulation properties, but also to an increase in the permissible compressive stress.
Sound bridges: Special attention must be paid to the avoidance of sound bridges during the execution, as these can significantly reduce the planned sound insulation of the partition wall. Particularly important here is
Note: The DIN 1053 series of masonry standards has been withdrawn with the exception of the revised DIN 1053-4 (prefabricated components). Its successors are the Eurocode standards of the DIN EN 1996 series. Although DIN 1053-1 (calculation and execution) has also been withdrawn by the Standards Institute, it is still valid until the end of 2015 via the building regulations in Germany. Their application is possible as an alternative to the regulations of Eurocode 6, but may not be mixed with them.
DIN 105-5, Masonry bricks - Part 5: Lightweight slotted bricks and light slotted bricks
DIN 105-6, Masonry bricks - Part 6: Flat bricks
DIN 105-100, Masonry bricks - Part 100: Masonry bricks with special properties
DIN 1053-1, Masonry - Part 1: Calculation and execution
DIN 4103-1, Non-load-bearing internal partition walls - Part 1: Requirements and verifications
DIN 4109, Sound insulation in building construction; Requirements and verifications
DIN 4109 Supplement 2, Sound insulation in building construction; Instructions for planning and execution; proposals for increased sound insulation; Recommendations for sound insulation in one's own living or working area
DIN 4109/A1, Sound insulation in building construction - requirements and verifications; Amendment A1
DIN 4172, Measurement Regulations in Building Construction
DIN EN 771-1, Specifications for Masonry Bricks, Part 1: Masonry Bricks
DIN EN 1996-1-1 , Eurocode 6: Design and Construction of Masonry Structures - Part 1-1: General Rules for Reinforced and Unreinforced Masonry
DIN EN 1996-1-1/NA, National Annex - Nationally determined parameters - Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry
DIN EN 1996-1-1/NA/A1, National Annex - Nationally defined parameters - Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry; Amendment A1
DIN EN 1996-1-2, Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural design for fire
DIN EN 1996-1-2/NA, National Annex - Nationally defined parameters - Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural design for fire
DIN EN 1996-2, Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 2: Planning, selection of building materials and execution of masonry
DIN EN 1996-2/NA, National Annex - Nationally defined parameters - Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 2: Planning, selection of building materials and execution of masonry
DIN EN 1996-3, Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 3: Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures
DIN EN 1996-3/NA, National Annex - Nationally determined parameters - Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 3: Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures
DIN EN 1996-3/NA/A1, National Annex - Nationally determined parameters - Eurocode 6: Design and construction of masonry structures - Part 3: Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures; Amendment 1
Masonry Atlas, the construction of the supporting structure and building envelope, Günter Pfeifer, Rolf Ramcke, Joachim Achtziger, Konrad Zilch, 2001
Source: bauwion
