In architecture, the term Low Impact Development (LID) refers to a planning concept that minimizes the negative impact of buildings and other human activities on the natural environment. The goal of all measures from the LID is therefore to reduce the "ecological footprint" through sustainable construction methods and approaches.
Planners have various means at their disposal to reduce the negative environmental impact of construction projects. One of the most important components of low impact development is the so-called "Low Impact Development". Rainwater management, where an essential aspect is to compensate for the surface sealing caused by a building and the associated effects - such as the loss of natural habitat.
As a concrete measure in rainwater management, green roofs (see retention roof) by retaining rainwater before it is discharged into the sewer system. For example, green roofs can create habitats for plants and other creatures on the one hand and contribute positively to the microclimate by releasing moisture on the other. This temperature-regulating effect reduces the so-called "heat island effect" (increased heating of sealed surfaces).
The
term "low-impact development" was coined primarily in the USA and Canada. Due to the climatic conditions, floods of catastrophic proportions often occur in parts of the North American continent.
One of the reasons why heavy rainfall can have serious consequences is that heavy soil sealing in urban areas means that large quantities of rainwater cannot be drained away quickly enough and overwhelm the capacities of the sewer system. The planning approaches of LID measures decelerate these drainage processes and thus minimise the dangers. (s. Retention roof)
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