Natural stone as a building material can be found almost ready for use in nature. There is no production before use, only the extraction and processing of the material is necessary. As a result, energy consumption is rather low compared to other building materials.
Nowadays, the extraction of natural stone is carried out in a way that is gentle on the material and the environment, without major blasting. The material is cut from the quarry wall using state-of-the-art technology to save resources. Mined parts of the quarry are immediately filled with unused overburden.
The entire material is used in the natural stone extraction cycle. Rock residues can be used economically in gardening and landscaping.
Since natural stone occurs in nature in its used form, it does not contain any pollutants. Chemical additives or protective coatings are not necessary. Natural stone is non-combustible.
Processing
Natural stone is cut out of the quarry wall in the form of large blocks weighing tons. Steel sand or diamond creels are used for processing. They are used to saw the blocks into thicker tranches or thin raw panels. They can then be cut into a wide variety of desired formats. Square and rectangular plates as well as any other shape are possible.
Solid parts such as posts, cornices and frames can also be produced.
Anchoring Anchoring
systems, fastenings and connections must be statically verified in accordance with DIN 18516-1 & -3.
In principle, a distinction is made between the following types of anchoring systems:
1.) Stainless steel sliding mortar anchors
This system is the most economical and proven construction method and has been able to hold its own in practice for decades. Stainless steel sliding mortar anchors are finely adjustable in all 3 directions in the anchor drill hole and can compensate for shell tolerances.
Images: DNV / HOFMANN Naturstein
2.) Dowel anchors Dowel
anchors are anchor parts that transfer loads of the cladding into the anchoring base via screw connections. They are adjustable in 3 directions.
Image: HOFMANN Natural Stone
3.) Weld-on anchors
The anchor plates are walled in or bolted on. Since welded joints are immediately load-bearing and building tolerances can be compensated for in all directions, construction site welding has proven its worth.
Images: DNV - German Natural Stone Association
4.) Substructure ( The
system consists of fastening, substructure and anchoring and offers advantages with large distances between the shell and the cladding.
Images: DNV - Deutscher Natursteinverband
All systems can be thermally separated from the shell of the building, so that even "passive house" standard can be achieved!
Surface design
The surface of natural stone slabs can be designed in a wide variety of ways.
To create a play of light and shadow, grooves or flutes can be milled.
Other treatments include:
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